АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ
Автоматизация (наричана още автоматика) се нарича използването на автоматични технически средства[1], заедно с икономико-математически методи и системи за управление, освобождаващи човека от участие в процесите на получаване, преобразуване, предаване и използване на енергия, материали или информация, съществено намаляващи степента на това участие или трудоемкостта на изпълняемите операции. Изисква се допълнително използване на датчици (сензори), въвеждащи устройства, управляващи устройства (контролери), изпълнителни устройства, извеждащи устройства, използващи електронна техника и методи за изчисления, понякога копиращи нервните и мислените функции на човека. Заедно с термина автоматически се използва понятието автоматизиран, подчертаващ относително голяма степен на участие на човека в процеса. Автоматизацията е едно от направленията на научно-техническия прогрес.
Линия от автоматизирани машини в научен център
Автоматизират се:
производствени процеси;
проектиране;
организация, планиране и управление;
научни изследвания.
Целта на автоматизацията е повишаване на производителността на труда, подобряване на качеството на продукцията, оптимизация на управлението, премахване на човека от производства, опасни за здравето. Автоматизацията, с изключение на най-простите случаи, изисква комплексен, системен подход към решаване на задачите. Затова решенията на задачите, стоящи пред автоматизацията, обикновено се наричат системи, като:
система за автоматично управление;
система за автоматизация на проектни работи;
автоматизирана система за управление на технологични процеси;
ЛИНК >>> https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ... 0%B8%D1%8F
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Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes. Human intervention is reduced by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions — and embodying those predeterminations in machines.[1]
Automation,[2] includes the use of various equipment and control systems such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers,[3] and heat-treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering, and stabilization of ships, aircraft, and other applications and vehicles with reduced human intervention.[4]
Automation covers applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a boiler, to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. Automation has also found space in the banking sector. In control complexity, it can range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high-level algorithms.
In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, in such a way that the process stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory was begun in the 18th century and advanced rapidly in the 20th.
Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices, and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and ships typically use all these combined techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, reducing waste, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy, and precision.
The World Bank's World Development Report 2019 shows evidence that the new industries and jobs in the technology sector outweigh the economic effects of workers being displaced by automation.[5]
Job losses and downward mobility blamed on Automation has been cited as one of many factors in the resurgence of nationalist, protectionist and populist politics in the US, UK and France, among other countries since the 2010s.[6][7][8][9][10]
The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when Ford established an automation department.[2] It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s.
LINK >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation
Линия от автоматизирани машини в научен център
Автоматизират се:
производствени процеси;
проектиране;
организация, планиране и управление;
научни изследвания.
Целта на автоматизацията е повишаване на производителността на труда, подобряване на качеството на продукцията, оптимизация на управлението, премахване на човека от производства, опасни за здравето. Автоматизацията, с изключение на най-простите случаи, изисква комплексен, системен подход към решаване на задачите. Затова решенията на задачите, стоящи пред автоматизацията, обикновено се наричат системи, като:
система за автоматично управление;
система за автоматизация на проектни работи;
автоматизирана система за управление на технологични процеси;
ЛИНК >>> https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ... 0%B8%D1%8F
//======================================================================================
Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes. Human intervention is reduced by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions — and embodying those predeterminations in machines.[1]
Automation,[2] includes the use of various equipment and control systems such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers,[3] and heat-treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering, and stabilization of ships, aircraft, and other applications and vehicles with reduced human intervention.[4]
Automation covers applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a boiler, to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. Automation has also found space in the banking sector. In control complexity, it can range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high-level algorithms.
In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, in such a way that the process stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory was begun in the 18th century and advanced rapidly in the 20th.
Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices, and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and ships typically use all these combined techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, reducing waste, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy, and precision.
The World Bank's World Development Report 2019 shows evidence that the new industries and jobs in the technology sector outweigh the economic effects of workers being displaced by automation.[5]
Job losses and downward mobility blamed on Automation has been cited as one of many factors in the resurgence of nationalist, protectionist and populist politics in the US, UK and France, among other countries since the 2010s.[6][7][8][9][10]
The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when Ford established an automation department.[2] It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s.
LINK >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation
